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United Nations Mercenary Convention
The United Nations Mercenary Convention (formally, the International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries) is a 2001 United Nations treaty that prohibits the recruitment, training, use, and financing of mercenaries. At the 72nd plenary meeting on 4 December 1989, the United Nations General Assembly concluded the convention as its resolution 44/34. The convention entered into force on 20 October 2001,〔(International Convention against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries ) A/RES/44/34 72nd plenary meeting 4 December 1989 (UN Mercenary Convention) (Entry into force: 20 October 2001 ) → 〕 and has been ratified by 33 countries.
Countries with large militaries that have ''not'' ratified the convention and seem unlikely to, include China, France, India, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
== Definition of a mercenary ==
Article 1 of the Convention has the following definition of a mercenary:
One time Judge Advocate Todds S. Milliard has argued that the convention and Article 47 of ''Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts'' (Protocol I) are designed to cover the activities of mercenaries in post colonial Africa, and do not address adequately the use of ''private military companies'' by sovereign states.〔Milliard, Todd S.; (Overcoming post-colonial myopia: A call to recognize and regulate private military companies )(PDF), in Military Law Review Vol 173, June 2003. At the time of publication Major Milliard was a Judge Advocate in the Judge Advocate General's Corps, U.S. Army. Page 5. Paragraph 1〕
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